My friend Nick flew with me and our wives to Rotterdam a week ago. We went to The Hague for lunch and a quick visit to the delightful Mauritshuis Musuem. It’s such a lovely museum: full of treasures, including Vermeer’s Girl with the Pearl Earring, but small enough so that it doesn’t give you culture indigestion. This was my first passenger flight with the new R9 avionics and you can see me checking the manual on a few things on the long autopilot flight over the North Sea. Nick made this video with his very shiny new HD170 helmet camera.
What happens if GPS stops working?
The more dependent we become on GPS, the greater the risk that terrorists will use it to cause disruption and damage. It also puts aviation and large parts of the economy at risk from a single point of failure.
It may not be terrorists. Those morons who point laser pens at cockpits may have a new toy. New Scientist reports that a $30 GPS jammer can kill the signal.
Even accidents and mistakes can cause severe outages. New Scientist cites several examples. For example:
IT WAS just after midday in San Diego, California, when the disruption started. In the tower at the airport, air-traffic controllers peered at their monitors only to find that their system for tracking incoming planes was malfunctioning. At the Naval Medical Center, emergency pagers used for summoning doctors stopped working. Chaos threatened in the busy harbour, too, after the traffic-management system used for guiding boats failed. On the streets, people reaching for their cellphones found they had no signal and bank customers trying to withdraw cash from local ATMs were refused. Problems persisted for another 2 hours.
It took three days to find an explanation for this mysterious event in January 2007. Two navy ships in the San Diego harbour had been conducting a training exercise. To test procedures when communications were lost, technicians jammed radio signals. Unwittingly, they also blocked radio signals from GPS satellites across a swathe of the city.
The Royal Academy of Engineering has just released a detailed report (PDF), Global Navigation Space Systems: reliance and vulnerabilities that underlines the risks. While there is a risk of gross errors, the more insidious threat is “dangerously misleading results which may not seem obviously wrong.”
A significant failure of GPS could cause lots of services to fail at the same time, including many that are thought to be completely independent of each other. The use of non-GNSS back ups is important across all critical uses of GNSS.
Is it time to consider planning a non-GPS alternative as part of an IFR flight plan. For example, could you divert to an airport with a VOR or ILS approach? Could you fly a procedure or missed approach with just a VOR and no GPS guidance? As new GPS-driven glass cockpits take over – I just flew an Avidyne R9 Cirrus to Antwerp, for example – do we need to keep our old-fashioned NDB/DME/VOR/ILS flying skills current as a backup? It’s certainly something to think about.
Three top PC flight planning tools
I have been using Jeppesen FliteStar for about ten years for my VFR and, later, IFR flight planning. It takes a bit of learning but it is a powerful tool for flight planning and viewing instrument approach plates.
However, there are two big problems with it. First, it is hellaciously expensive. For VFR and IFR planning with digital IFR and VFR plates for Europe, it was costing me around €1,800 a year. Even in the context of an expensive hobby, that’s a lot of money. Bill Gates thinks that’s a lot of money.
Second, their billing is so obscure and their accounts department so incredibly unhelpful that it is impossible to change plans or figure out what, exactly, you are paying for. Or at least, that was my experience. For example, when I changed plans last year (it took three months to do this), they kept sending me an invoice even though they actually owed me money.
As a side issue, I was using Homebriefing.com to actually file my flight plans. I can’t get my head around AFPEx (even though I work with computers all day). Also, it doesn’t work on my iPhone which makes it useless if I’m abroad. Homebriefing is great and they have helpful people at the end of the phone to sort out problems but for an infrequent user, it feels like you have to hand over money every time you log on. Either my annual subscription has expired or I have run out of coupons for flight plans. Arghh.
So what am I using now? I looked at a few things but here is my plan from now on:
VFR Flight Planning
I’m going to use SkyDemon. It’s easier to use than Jeppesen, integrates NOTAMs and weather to produce a lovely trip kit and really attractive maps that filter out information you don’t need (e.g. airspace above your planned cruising altitude). It includes charts for most of Europe and they look very clean and easy to use.
It feels like a simple, quick, efficient way to pull together everything you need for a VFR flight without wasting time or hopping between programs. It costs £119. You can (optionally) renew your subscription to charts etc. for £59 a year after the first year.
IFR Flight Planning
I’m going to check out RocketRoute. It combines IFR route planning with plates and online filing for flight plans. It is like a combination of the functional bits of Flitestar, Jeppview and Homebriefing.
Jeppesen’s tool for automatically planning an IFR airways trip never really worked very well and I often ended up refining them manually. This is why I really like RocketRoute’s AutoRouter. It produces valid routes between airfields quickly and then automatically validates them with Eurocontrol (which Jeppesen did not do). I think I’ll need to buy Jeppesen paper airways charts in case it generates routes that don’t work for my circumstances but that’s not a big expense – £10 a year or something. Once you have set up your aircraft, you can reuse them in flight plans cutting down on the amount of time it takes to file plans in future.
RocketRoute supplies two types of plates: Pooleys iPlates which are the familiar VFR plates in electronic form. It also grabs the latest IFR plates from the various European AIPs. This is less satisfactory than using Jeppesen plates because they do not share a standard format from one country to the next. However, they are free, in English and usable. Since the planes I fly have glass cockpits with Jepp plates onboard, these printed plates are belt-and-braces (and a legal requirement).
Once you have filed your plan, you can download or fax a briefing pack with a plog, ICAO flight plan, METAR/TAFs, NOTAMs and plates. Print it out and away you go. It really couldn’t be much easier. I can also access it via my iPhone to send delay notices and change flight plan details overseas.
It costs €144 a year for up to 50 filed flight plans plus €35 for online access to Pooleys VFR plates. Trip support (e.g. telephone filing of flight plans, slot booking etc. costs €5-€35 depending on what you ask them to do. It would be useful to have this to fall back like a personal flight department.
Easier, faster, cheaper
So, I’ve ditched Jeppesen, saving €1800 a year and picked up a VFR and an IFR flight planning system that costs me about €300-ish this year and a bit less next year. That’s a big saving and I think the end result is, actually, a better, more flexible system.
Cool flight sim video with full cockpit and ATC
Thanks to Keith Smith from PilotEdge for sharing this video which shows a PFC Modular Flight Deck with a working Garmin 430 and live, simulated ATC.
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P3UkrDLugg[/youtube]
First flight in a Zeppelin
I’ve been in San Francisco for a couple of weeks and I had the chance to fly in the Airship Ventures Zeppelin NT there. We took off from Oakland airport and flew round the bay for an hour. It was an awesome experience and really exciting to fly in a type of aircraft that is both rare and elegant. I always had a dream, as a child, of living in an airship and this is about as close as you can get. It looks like you can do a course and learn to fly a Zeppelin with half an hour’s stick time for about €3,450. Expensive but awesome!
Flying the Avidyne R9
I just did my conversion to the new Avidyne R9 avionics on the Cirrus I fly regularly at Denham (EGLD). I trained with the excellent John Page from TAA.
John Page at RGV, Gloucershire
The system is a big improvement on the regular Avidyne system that I normally use; like going from Windows XP to Windows 7. It’s not quite as good as the Garmin Perspective system that I flew in January with Max Trescott in San Francisco. I suspect that the Garmin system benefits from a few years’ headstart and that the R9 will continue to improve with future releases. I hope so because it’s already very nice.
Avidyne R9 in N147LD
Things I like about the R9:
- Keypad and Geofill makes it easier to enter flight plans.
- Feels very intuitive; it feels like it was designed by pilots. The press-rocker switches are especially elegant.
- Good response rate and higher resolution – this is important and will make accurate instrument flying easier with a glass screen.
- Vectors mode in GPS is a smart idea especially when you use it intercept mode so you can fly headings into your flight plan segments and have the autopilot automatically transition from one to the other
- Duplication and redundancy
- You can split the screens in lots of different and flexible ways.
There are some defects which may be fixed in future releases:
- Autopilot integration with the S/Tec isn’t as good as with the promised integrated digital autopilot
- It’s great when everything is GPS but it slightly fails with radio navigation – DMEs and VORs. For example, it doesn’t autodetect every VOR or ILS because the ident transmissions are slightly different in Europe than the US, which means that it can throw up an error message at the last minute rather than auto-sequencing from the enroute GPS navigation onto an ILS.
- Geofill isn’t so good if you have duplicate waypoint idents. For example, BNN is a VOR near Denham but there’s another one in Norway or something. This confuses the system even though it should be ‘obvious’ which one I’m going to.
- The go-around from a missed instrument approach is hideous. Not like the one-button TOGA button on the Perspective Cirrus. Here’s the sequence you have to follow at 200’ if you want the autopilot to fly the missed approach: press VS on the autopilot, dial up 800 FPM on the climb bug, throttle up, disarm the approach on the PFD, change the nav input on the PFD from the ILS to FMS, go back to the autopilot and press NAV twice to re-engage GPS steering. Ouch.
- I got caught out by the intercept mode on the vectors mode. After going missed, I forgot to disarm it and it takes quite a few key strokes to delete the approach from the flight plan, so the plane decided to go off and try to reintercept the approach. If I had been in IMC and not quite on the ball, the plane would have flown right back over the airport or something. Ouch. I think the default for vectors mode should be not to intecept – I’d rather be asking myself ‘what do I do next’ than asking the plane ‘what the hell are you doing?’
- I wish we had satellite weather in the UK. One of the planes I fly has a satphone in it that downloads weather and I would say that it is a huge safety benefit.
After a long day of flying, we did some night circuits for currency and to get on the night list at Denham. A friend of mine used to be a US Navy pilot and he said that landing on a carrier at night was the scariest thing he ever did. Denham’s a bit like that, but at least the runway isn’t moving. But all you see is runway lights in a black hole. But flying at night on a clear evening is one of the great joys of flying – still, smooth, different and familiar at the same time.
